1. Introduction to HTML5

HTML5 is the latest version of HyperText Markup Language, the standard markup language for creating web pages. It introduces new elements, attributes, and behaviors, along with a larger set of technologies that allow more diverse and powerful websites and applications.

What is HTML?

HyperText: Text with links to other text
Markup Language: A system for annotating text to indicate structure and presentation
Standard: Maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

💡 Tip: HTML5 is not just HTML + CSS + JavaScript. It's a collection of technologies including new HTML elements, CSS3, JavaScript APIs, and more.

2. HTML Basics

Basic HTML Document Structure

My First HTML Page

Hello, World!

This is my first HTML page.

Understanding Each Part:

- Declares this as an HTML5 document
- Root element of the page
- Contains metadata about the document
- Contains the visible content

HTML Tags and Elements

HTML uses tags to mark up content. Most tags come in pairs:

Content goes here

🏋️ Exercise 1:

Create a basic HTML page with a title, heading, and paragraph about yourself.

3. Document Structure

The Head Section

The section contains metadata and resources:

Page Title

Common Meta Tags

charset - Character encoding (UTF-8 is standard)
viewport - Controls layout on mobile browsers
description - Page description for search engines
keywords - Keywords for search engines

⚠️ Important: The viewport meta tag is crucial for responsive design on mobile devices.

4. HTML Elements

Text Elements

Main Heading

Subheading

Sub-subheading

This is a paragraph.

Bold text Italic text Highlighted text Small text ~~Deleted text~~ Inserted text

Lists

First item
Second item
Third item

First step
Second step
Third step

    HTML
    HyperText Markup Language
    CSS
    Cascading Style Sheets

Links and Images

External Link Internal Link Email Link Phone Link Description of image

🏋️ Exercise 2:

Create a page with different heading levels, paragraphs, a list of your hobbies, and an image with proper alt text.

5. HTML Forms

Basic Form Structure

Input Types

Form Validation

💡 Tip: Always use proper labels and form validation to improve user experience and accessibility.

6. Semantic HTML

Semantic Elements

HTML5 introduced semantic elements that describe their meaning:

Article Title

January 15, 2024

Section Title

Article content...

Benefits of Semantic HTML

SEO: Search engines better understand your content
Accessibility: Screen readers can navigate more effectively
Maintainability: Code is more readable and organized
Future-proof: Semantic meaning is preserved

7. Multimedia Elements

Audio

Video

Embedded Content

8. HTML5 Advanced Features

Canvas

Local Storage

Geolocation

🏋️ Exercise 3:

Create a page that uses local storage to remember a user's name and displays it on subsequent visits.

9. Accessibility

ARIA Attributes

Status message

Detailed description of the chart...

Accessibility Best Practices

Use semantic HTML elements
Provide alt text for images
Ensure proper heading hierarchy
Use sufficient color contrast
Make content keyboard navigable
Provide focus indicators
Use ARIA attributes when needed

💡 Tip: Test your website with a screen reader and keyboard-only navigation to ensure accessibility.

10. Best Practices

Code Organization

Use consistent indentation (2 or 4 spaces)
Write semantic, meaningful HTML
Keep your HTML clean and well-structured
Use comments for complex sections
Validate your HTML regularly

Performance

Optimize images (use appropriate formats and sizes)
Minimize HTTP requests
Use external CSS and JavaScript files
Implement lazy loading for images
Use compression (gzip)

SEO Best Practices

🏋️ Final Project:

Create a complete personal portfolio website using all the concepts learned in this course. Include:

Semantic HTML structure
Contact form with validation
Multimedia elements
Accessibility features
SEO optimization